In the vast history of Earth, billions of years ago, an arid landscape dominated by volcanoes and shallow pools may have witnessed the beginning of something extraordinary: life. An illustrative scene ...

For this, scientists use something called an "outgroup", a living descendant that still shares many of the ancestor's primitive traits. So we need a living jawless fish, like a lamprey.

Goats living in a wild herd in the UK have been ... It is considered an "authentic remnant" of Britain's original primitive goats and has now been added to the Rare Breeds Survival Trust (RBST ...