The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. The sound produced by the closure of the aortic valve is termed A2, and the sound produced by the closure ...

Location: The location of the heart sound can help determine the etiology. The standard listening posts (aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and mitral) apply to both heart sounds and murmurs. For example ...

Diagnosing aortic stenosis usually begins with a physical exam. Your healthcare provider often detects a heart murmur, a ...

Finally the second heart sound may be reduced in intensity. There are three main forms of aortic valve disease: congenital abnormalities, such as a bicuspid valve that leads to premature ...