Predicted wavefront aberrations are then obtained by tracing ... Lower-order aberrations — defocus and astigmatism — are responsible for most of the degradation in a retinal image.

Horizontal rectus muscle surgeries may cause changes in corneal and anterior segment parameters. Corneal topography is an important device for identifying these alterations.The aim of this work is to ...

The advantages of MICS in the field of the refractive result as astigmatism control and aberration neutrality are supported by many papers of the various authors as described. However, Bi-MICS ...

The VISX STAR S4 laser is FDA approved for treatment of nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. This laser uses a scanning ... optical imperfections in high-powered astronomical telescopes.