Yeast cells have a cell wall, like plant cells, but no chloroplasts. Yeast can reproduce by producing a bud. The bud grows until it is large enough to split from the parent cell as a new yeast cell.
In most multicellular organisms, meiosis is restricted to germ cells that are set aside in early development. The germ cells reside in specialized environments provided by the gonads, or sex organs.
The fundamental problem of how cells reproduce has been studied intensely ever since dividing cells were first observed by microscopy. Since, the discovery in the seventies and eighties of the ...
Take the evolution of sex, for instance. To make the move from asexual to sexual reproduction, nature took a system by which parent cells reproduced simply by dividing (asexual reproduction ...
Not all mutations that lead to cancerous cells result in the cells reproducing at a faster, more uncontrolled rate. For example, a mutation may simply cause a cell to keep from self-destructing.
In 2012, scientists created live-born baby mice using eggs that began their life as skin cells on a mouse tail. More recently, the technique has been used to facilitate same-sex reproduction.