A Markov-modulated Poisson Process (MMPP) is a Poisson process that has its parameter controlled by a Markov process. These arrival processes are typical in communications modeling where time-varying ...

Probabilistic model checking and Markov decision processes (MDPs ... and optimizing systems that exhibit uncertainty and stochastic behavior. These methodologies allow researchers and ...

Markov Chains and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are powerful statistical tools used to model systems that transition between different states over time. Markov Chains are characterized by the ...