First, the energy required to change the temperature ... because the required measurement accuracy for salinity, necessary to understand the ocean general circulation, is extremely high (about ...

Autonomous underwater robots, such as ocean gliders, can autonomously navigate the ocean for several weeks. Their sensors ...

Energy is moved by ocean currents from areas of strong heating ... evaporation and river runoff all affecting the salinity. Unlike fresh water which becomes less dense close to freezing point ...

Seawater is known for being quite salty. Salt in the sea, or ocean salinity, is mainly caused by rain washing mineral ions from the land into water. Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves into rainwater, ...