Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)is a highly sensitive technique for identifying and quantifying the chemical states of elements on the outermost surface of a solid. It is especially useful for ...

The process begins with the absorption of X-ray photons by atoms in the material, leading to the ejection of photoelectrons. By analyzing the energy spectrum of these photoelectrons, information about ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique widely used for the surface analysis of materials. At low energy resolution it provides qualitative and quantitative information on the ...

The PHI 5800 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) is equipped with a dual source anode (Al and Mg), a hemispherical analyzer for XPS and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analysis, including ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a common surface analysis method because it can be used on a wide variety of materials and supplies valuable quantitative and chemical data. X-ray photoelectron ...

The instrument is a low-frequency radio spectrometer to provide radio spectra from 10 kHz - 10 MHz (or possibly 30 MHz) with 1-second resolution. These Radio wave Observations at the Lunar Surface of ...