New experimental results showed that Wien’s law was invalid. On October 19, 1900, Planck presented a new radiation law. In its derivation he set aside his reservations about the Boltzmann method and ...

Planck was as steeped in traditional physics as his colleagues, but he had an open mind. The older way wasn't working. So he changed one basic assumption: energy, instead of being continuous ...

But the distribution of energy radiated in "real life" never matched up with the predictions of classical physics. Several distinguished physicists had created complex equations trying to work it out, ...

Dark energy, which cosmologists hypothesize drives ... results with measurements from the European Space Agency's orbiting Planck observatory. Planck used light known as the cosmic microwave ...

A new computational method gleans more information than  its predecessors from maps showing how galaxies are clustered and threaded throughout the universe.

and a force that repels gravity known as dark energy (70 percent). Scientists have not yet observed dark matter directly. It doesn't interact with baryonic matter and it's completely invisible to ...

A "cosmic CT scan" performed by scientists using two very different cosmic surveys has revealed the cosmos is less clumpy and ...

Astronomers have been confounded by recent evidence that the universe expanded at different rates throughout its life. New findings risk turning the tension into a crisis, scientists say.

That’s pretty much all you need for instruments to determine Planck’s constant to a decent ... LED from the somewhat grandly named “photon energy array” and provide a way to adjust and ...