Plastid transformation is a difficult technology. Currently, it is routinely done only in tobacco. The present challenge is to extend the technology to all major crops. Plastid transformation has ...

Indeed, plastid transformation turns out to be a very promising tool for the production of recombinant proteins in plants, yet some limitations must still be overcome and we believe that this is ...

Additionally, the development of methods for Agrobacterium- and nanoparticle-mediated transformation has further enhanced the efficiency of plastid genome engineering, making it a promising avenue ...

Despite the vast amount of research, the molecular details of many aspects of plastid biology remain unknown. Transformation of chloroplasts – green plastids – has been developed as an alternative to ...