bridges in those cases must be curved. Plate or box girders usually are the most suitable type of framing for such bridges. Though the deck may be curved in accordance with the highway alignment, the ...

Through girders should be laterally braced with gusset plates or knee braces with solid webs connected to the stiffeners. In railroad bridges, spacing of the through girders should be at least 1/20 of ...

One promising technique for the seismic design of highway bridges with steel superstructures is to dissipate energy through the inelastic deformation of the end cross frames. These so-called ductile ...