1998). Serum osmolarity levels should also be monitored. HTS is an osmolar agent, and it directly affects serum osmolarity levels. These levels, which do not change as rapidly as serum sodium ...

Interestingly, a bolus of 23.4% NaCl does not cause considerable increases in serum osmolarity or serum sodium levels. This therapy can be administered even if serum sodium levels are at high end ...

However, Steffan Ho and colleagues now report that lymphocytes are exposed to hypertonic environments ... tissues had increased osmolarity compared with the serum, and brain and lung tissues.

usually no change in serum sodium will occur. To avoid desalination phenomenon, treatment with hypertonic saline would be required if urine osmolarity exceeds 500 mOsm/L or urine sodium is in ...