The properties of these sub-surface zones are different from those of the bulk material and hence, being different, are referred to as altered material zones (AMZ) or layers. Figure 5.1 shows a ...

Photosynthesis requires light and water. On Mars, the ice could help melt subsurface layers, providing liquid water while still blocking dangerous radiation. These conditions could allow ...

In 2018, the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter used its MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere ... that suggests compacted ice layers could return a strong radar ...

As many as 400 volcanoes are erupting on the surface of Jupiter's innermost moon Io, with virtually every square inch of the ...