This occurs since the mitral valve area is fixed and the cardiac output ... acute mesenteric ischemia, or "Blue toe syndrome". Hemoptysis may occur due to sudden rupture of a bronchial vein.

The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium of the heart into the left ventricle. Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve leaks blood back into the left atrium.

In rheumatic heart disease, an autoimmune attack on the mitral valve produces thickening of the valve leaflets. The mitral valve is often described as having a "fish-mouth" appearance. Whether the ...