This paper examines the impacts of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on commodity trade, with a particular focus on trade creation and diversion effects. Based on the estimation of the gravity equation ...

The evidence suggests policymakers should take a more holistic view of immigration’s economic effects, considering its role in facilitating sophisticated international trade and value creation.

From the analysis at the aggregate level, we found that effects of Japan's FTAs are heterogeneous among the FTA partners, and that Japan enjoyed trade creation effects of FTAs on exports/imports with ...