Accaumulating studies focus on the effects of C3-positive A1-like phenotypes and S100A10-positive A2-like phenotypes of reactive astrocytes on spinal cord injury (SCI), however the origins and dynamic ...

Astrocytes are the largest and most prevalent type of glial cell in the central nervous system. Astrocytes contribute to formation of the blood–brain barrier, participate in the maintenance of ...

located on the membrane of astrocytes and microglia, respectively, disrupting astrocytic interleukin-3 (IL-3)/microglial IL-3 receptor α (IL-3Rα) crosstalk, leading to the activation of A1 ...

Meanwhile, 3-HKA inhibits the activation of neurotoxic (A1-like) astrocytes but promotes the polarization of neuroprotective (A2-like) astrocytes. Mechanistically, 3-HKA inhibited the activation of ...

The William Harvey Research Institute, St Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK BACKGROUND Nitric oxide production by the ...

Creative Commons (CC): This is a Creative Commons license. Attribution (BY): Credit must be given to the creator. Engineered extracellular vesicles play an increasingly important role in the treatment ...

However, I also highlight some of the gastrointestinal data that does not fit this simple tidy paradigm, particularly with respect to the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). For example, ...

A new bridge built as part of a project to widen a section of the A1 has been found to have defects. The Allerdene Bridge, in Gateshead, was replaced by a new structure that opened in September ...

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