This study aims to compare the impact of intradermal needle-free vaccination and intramuscular injection in terms of the welfare of the piglets. A total of 179 piglets were divided into two treatments ...

To compare EI with needle injection through these conventional routes, we used a formalin-inactivated Aichi/68 influenza virus to immunize BALB/c mice (n = 8 per group). For EI, the vaccine was ...

Objective—We aimed to establish the ideal injection techniques using 5-mm needles to reliably inject ... and 0.5% were intradermal, while in adults, the incidence was 1.3 and 0.6%, respectively.

Intradermal water blocks consist of 4 intradermal injections of 0.05- to 0.1-mL sterile water (using a 1-mL syringe with a 25-gauge needle) to form 4 small blebs, 1 over each posterior superior ...