A painless future of vaccination could be on the horizon, as researchers have been working on innovative delivery methods. Stanford University scientists have now presented another unique method ...

The researchers wanted to know if a mouse, which doesn’t naturally have S. epidermidis on its skin, would produce antibodies against this bacteria if it were introduced. Antibodies are ...

THE gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen free mice usually includes several species of anaerobic bacteria. In a healthy state these organisms greatly outnumber the coliform bacilli and ...

Thought so. Well, the latter might be a viable option soon, as Stanford scientists have used a topical cream to strongly vaccinate mice against tetanus. The key is a bacteria that’s almost ...

epidermidis applied, samples of which were applied over six weeks. The mice swabbed with the engineered tetanus toxin developed high antibody levels for that targeted bacteria. At the end of the ...

anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and Fusobacterium species. The presence of these bacteria is only "normal" if the titer of resident flora is low. When bacterial titers exceed 1000 colony forming ...

Now it's this fragment — a harmless chunk of a highly toxic bacterial protein — that's waving in the breeze." Would the mice's immune systems "see" it and develop a specific antibody response to it?

The modified bacteria successfully induced strong antibody production in mice, protecting them from lethal toxin doses. The approach also produced antibodies targeting mucosal surfaces in the ...