The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in ...
2020年6月16日 · In severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, emerging data including recent histopathological studies have emphasized the crucial role of endothelial cells (ECs) in vascular dysfunction, immunothrombosis, and inflammation.Histopathological studies have evidenced direct viral infection of ECs, endotheliitis with diffuse endothelial inflammation, and micro- and …
Vascular leak in sepsis: physiological basis and potential …
2024年3月23日 · Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterised by endothelial barrier dysfunction and impairment of normal microcirculatory function, resulting in a state of hypoperfusion and tissue oedema. No specific pharmacological therapies are currently used to attenuate microvascular injury. Given the prominent role of endothelial breakdown and …
The glycocalyx as a permeability barrier: basic science and clinical ...
2022年9月12日 · Preclinical studies in animals and human clinical trials question whether the endothelial glycocalyx layer is a clinically important permeability barrier. Glycocalyx breakdown products in plasma mostly originate from 99.6–99.8% of the endothelial surface not involved in transendothelial passage of water and proteins. Fragment concentrations correlate poorly with …
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of capillary endothelial …
2017年10月23日 · The sugar-protein glycocalyx coats all healthy vascular endothelium [1,2,3] and plays a key role in microvascular and endothelial physiology through its influence on the regulation of microvascular tone and endothelial permeability, maintenance of an oncotic gradient across the endothelial barrier, regulation of adhesion/migration of leukocytes, and inhibition of …
Association of sublingual microcirculation parameters and …
2019年7月24日 · Background The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) covers the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium and plays an important protective role in systemic inflammatory states and particularly in sepsis. Its breakdown leads to capillary leak and organ dysfunction. Moreover, sepsis-induced alterations of sublingual microcirculation are associated with a worse clinical …
Fixing the leak: targeting the vascular endothelium in sepsis
2012年11月21日 · Angiopoietin-1 is a Tie-2 receptor agonist that stabilizes vascular endothelium, promoting endothelial maturation and preventing capillary leak. Angiopoietin-2 is largely a competitive partial antagonist that is markedly elevated in humans and animal models of sepsis and other inflammatory states, directly disrupts the endothelial barrier, and has been …
Resuscitation Fluid Choices to Preserve the Endothelial Glycocalyx ...
2019年3月9日 · Central to these new concepts is the endothelial glycocalyx, which lines the luminal aspect of the vascular endothelium. Knowledge of the endothelial glycocalyx has permitted revision of the classic Starling principle to one that better explains the observed flux of fluid across the endothelial barrier [ 2 ].
Markers of endothelial and epithelial pulmonary injury in …
2021年2月19日 · Background Biomarkers can be used to detect the presence of endothelial and/or alveolar epithelial injuries in case of ARDS. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), P-selectin and E-selectin are biomarkers of endothelial injury, whereas the receptor for advanced glycation end …
Bench-to-bedside review: Endothelial cell dysfunction in severe …
2003年1月6日 · During the past decade a unifying hypothesis has been developed to explain the vascular changes that occur in septic shock on the basis of the effect of inflammatory mediators on the vascular endothelium. The vascular endothelium plays a central role in the control of microvascular flow, and it has been proposed that widespread vascular endothelial activation, …
Targeting the host response in sepsis: current approaches and …
2023年12月6日 · Simultaneously, the activation of the complement system, the vascular endothelium, and the coagulation system results in microcirculatory disturbances. These processes are exacerbated by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as a consequence of tissue damage, the discharge of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), …