The GPF serves a similar function as the DPF and is designed mainly for GDI engines. Expecting tighter Euro 7/VII particulate matter and particulate number regulations, especially the sub-23nm particulate standard, both DPF and GPF improvements are being pursued by researchers to further increase their filtration efficiency.

2023年11月1日 · For vehicle 7, the EGR vehicle equipped with GPF, I S P N 10 is similar to I S P N 23. This result means that GPF could control Sub23 PN emissions effectively, even during the cold start parts (e.g., the first 300 s). Samaras et al.(Samaras et al., 2020) reported similar results.

2022年2月2日 · However, the regeneration efficiency of GPF deposited with ash#2 is only 50%, the mass concentration of particulate matter is only 0.51 mg/m 3. As to the ash#3, and the regeneration efficiency of GPF deposited with ash#3 could reach 83%, and the total emitted particle mass concentration is 0.76 g/m 3. Compared without ash loading, the ash#1 and ...

2022年11月1日 · Use of the PGMs in GPF allows to decrease size of currently use TWC or even full disposal form exhaust after-treatment. GPF with catalytic coating is often referred as four way catalyst. Nowadays the GPFs are mounted after the TWC as an individual unit or with TWC in the same housing as a close couple, which is shown in Fig. 7 (AECC, 2017 ...

2022年11月1日 · [40] used a Gaussian Particle Filter (GPF), which uses Gaussian density estimation as a continuous approximation instead of a discrete approximation to resample the particles. [ 44 , 51 , 65 , 70 , 75 ] applied Monte Carlo methods, a broad class of computational algorithms relying on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results.