Here, we briefly review findings regarding the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers before considering underlying mechanisms including N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonism, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron inhibition, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor...

2023年3月10日 · S-Ketamine, or esketamine, is the "left-hand" enantiomer and is best known for its FDA-approved nasal spray, Spravato, used to treat treatment-resistant depression. It is approximately four times more potent than R-Ketamine in blocking NMDA receptors.

For more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent anal-gesic properties. The active enantiomer is S(+)-ketamine. Ketamine is mostly metabolized in norketamine, an active metabolite.

Ketamine is a racemic mixture, consisting of equal amounts of its two enantiomers. It has been recognized for its rapid-acting antidepressant effects and some data also suggest safety and

Abstract: Recent evidence has suggested that the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine shows significant therapeutic effects in major depression and bipolar disorder. This effect is especially important in treatment-resistant …

Here, we briefly review findings regarding the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers before considering underlying mechanisms including N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonism, γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron inhibition, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic receptor activation, brain-derived neurotrophic ...

Our fi results demonstrate divergence in the pharmacological, functional, and behavioral effects of ketamine enantiomers, and suggest that racemic ketamine’s abuse liability in humans is...

Ketamine-induced physiological and behavioral changes in rodents, non-human primates, and humans have been widely used as a pharmacological model of schizophrenia.

2020年3月6日 · Ketamine is a noncompetitive N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist that has drawn significant attention in recent decades from scientists all over the world because of its robust antidepressant effects (Cusin …

Co-occurrence analysis highlighted two primary research focal points: the eficacy and safety of ketamine and its enantiomers in treating depression, and the mechanisms behind their antidepressant efects.