Materialism | Definition, Theories, History, & Facts | Britannica
2024年12月7日 · Materialism, in philosophy, the view that all facts are causally dependent upon physical processes, or even reducible to them. The word materialism has been used in modern times to refer to mechanical materialism, the theory that the world consists entirely of …
Historical materialism | Definition, Marx, Examples, Dialectical ...
2024年11月4日 · Historical materialism, theory of history associated with the German economist and philosopher Karl Marx and his colleague Friedrich Engels. The theory postulates that all institutions of human society (e.g., government and religion) are the …
Dialectical materialism | Definition & Facts | Britannica
2024年11月15日 · Dialectical materialism, a philosophical approach to reality derived from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For them, materialism meant that the material world has objective reality independent of mind or spirit and ideas arise only as products and reflections of material conditions.
Materialism Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
MATERIALISM meaning: 1 : a way of thinking that gives too much importance to material possessions rather than to spiritual or intellectual things; 2 : the belief that only material things exist
Materialism - Ancient, Epicurean, Marxist | Britannica
2024年12月7日 · Materialism - Ancient, Epicurean, Marxist: Though Thales of Miletus (c. 580 bce) and some of the other pre-Socratic philosophers have some claims to being regarded as materialists, the materialist tradition in Western philosophy really begins with Leucippus and Democritus, Greek philosophers who were born in the 5th century bce.
materialism summary | Britannica
materialism, In metaphysics, the doctrine that all of reality is essentially of the nature of matter. In the philosophy of mind , one form of materialism, sometimes called central-state materialism, asserts that states of the mind are identical to states of the human brain.
Materialism - Mind-Body, Reductionism, Physicalism | Britannica
2024年12月7日 · Materialism - Mind-Body, Reductionism, Physicalism: Perhaps because modern developments in biochemistry and in physiological psychology greatly increased the plausibility of materialism, there was in the mid-20th century a resurgence of interest in the philosophical defense of central-state materialism.
materialism - Students | Britannica Kids | Homework Help
In its most extreme form materialism is the belief that all of reality consists solely of matter. It denies the existence of spirits, souls, and gods, and it insists that all activities of mind and emotion are based on physical properties.
Naturalism | Realism, Empiricism & Materialism | Britannica
Strictly speaking, naturalism has no ontological preference; i.e., no bias toward any particular set of categories of reality: dualism and monism, atheism and theism, idealism and materialism are all per se compatible with it. So long as all of reality is natural, no other limitations are imposed.
Definition, History, Ideology, Examples, & Facts - Britannica
2024年11月20日 · Raised to the level of historical law, this hypothesis was subsequently called historical materialism. Marx applied it to capitalist society, both in Manifest der kommunistischen Partei (1848; The Communist Manifesto ) and Das Kapital (vol. 1, 1867; “Capital”) and in …
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