Iron law of oligarchy - Wikipedia
The iron law of oligarchy is a political theory first developed by the German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 book Political Parties. [1] . It asserts that rule by an elite, or oligarchy, is inevitable as an "iron law" within any democratic organization as part of the "tactical and technical necessities" of the organization. [1]
iron law of oligarchy - Encyclopedia Britannica
Robert Michels spelled out the iron law of oligarchy in the first decade of the 20th century in Political Parties, a brilliant comparative study of European socialist parties that drew extensively on his own experiences in the German Socialist Party.
The Iron Law of Oligarchy: An Outline and Explanation - Easy …
2024年2月3日 · Learn about the Iron Law of Oligarchy, a theory in sociology that explains the concentration of power in social organizations. Explore its definition, origins, implications, and examples. Discover how to resist and reform oligarchy within organizations to promote inclusivity and democracy.
Robert Michels | Elite Theory, Political Sociology & Corporatism ...
Robert Michels was a German-born Italian political sociologist and economist, noted for his formulation of the “iron law of oligarchy,” which states that political parties and other membership organizations inevitably tend toward oligarchy, authoritarianism, and bureaucracy.
Robert Michels - Wikipedia
In it, he presented his theory of the "iron law of oligarchy" that political parties, including those considered socialist, cannot be democratic because they quickly transform themselves into bureaucratic oligarchies.
The greatest theorist of modern oligarchy is Robert Michels (1876–1936). It is he who, in his classic 1911 text On the Sociology of the Party System in Modern Democracy , coined the phrase the “iron law of oligarchy” (Michels, 1962, p.
in what Michels’ referred to as the “iron law of oligarchy” are sketched, followed by a brief discussion of some of the implications of this analysis for social movement researchers. Drawing on his own disillusioning experiences as a member and supporter of a socially
Iron Law Of Oligarchy - Encyclopedia.com
2018年5月17日 · Coined by the German sociologist Robert Michels in his 1911 monograph Political Parties, the Iron Law of Oligarchy refers to the inbuilt tendency of all complex social organizations to turn bureaucratic and highly undemocratic.
Robert Michels and the Iron Law of Oligarchy - Cornell University
Below, the key processes involved in what Michels’ referred to as the “iron law of oligarchy” are sketched, followed by a brief discussion of some of the implications of this analysis for social movement researchers.
Michels, Robert - SpringerLink
2023年12月16日 · Robert Michels (Cologne 1876 – Rome 1936) was a German-born scholar most famously known for his work Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, in which he posited an “iron law of oligarchy” whereby large democratically structured organizations contain a tendency toward bureaucratic ...